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Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA
The Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA was an influential conference organized by Paul Berg〔“First recombinant DNA.” The Human Genome Project. http://www.genome.gov/25520302 accessed 12 November 2006〕 to discuss the potential biohazards and regulation of biotechnology, held in February 1975 at a conference center at Asilomar State Beach.〔Paul Berg, David Baltimore, Sydney Brenner, Richard O. Roblin III, and Maxine F. Singer. “Summary Statement of the Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA Molecules”. ''Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.'' Vol. 72, No. 6, pp. 1981-1984, (June 1975): 1981.〕 A group of about 140 professionals (primarily biologists, but also including lawyers and physicians) participated in the conference to draw up voluntary guidelines to ensure the safety of recombinant DNA technology. The conference also placed scientific research more into the public domain, and can be seen as applying a version of the precautionary principle.
The effects of these guidelines are still being felt through the biotechnology industry and the participation of the general public in scientific discourse.〔Paul Berg and Maxine F. Singer. “The recombinant DNA controversy: Twenty years later”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Vol 92, pp. 9011-9013, (Sept. 1995): 9011.〕 Due to potential safety hazards, scientists worldwide had halted experiments using recombinant DNA technology, which entailed combining DNAs from different organisms.〔〔 After the establishment of the guidelines during the conference, scientists continued with their research, which increased fundamental knowledge about biology and the public’s interest in biomedical research.〔Berg and Singer (1995), pp. 9011-12〕
==Background: recombinant DNA technology==
Recombinant DNA technology arose as a result of advances in biology that began in the 1950s and 60’s. During these decades, a tradition of merging the structural, biochemical and informational approaches to the central problems of classical genetics became more apparent. Two main underlying concepts of this tradition were that genes consisted of DNA and that DNA encoded information that determined the processes of replication and protein synthesis. These concepts were embodied in the model of DNA proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick, and further research on the Watson-Crick model yielded theoretical advances that were reflected in new capacities to manipulate DNA.〔Susan Wright. "Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Social Transformation, 1972-1982." ''Osiris'', 2nd Series, Vol. 2 (1986): 305〕 One of these capacities was recombinant DNA technology.
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